MENTAL MODEL

Principles, not memorization

Keyboard shortcuts are a grammar, not a word list. Understand these seven rules and you already "know" dozens of shortcuts you never learned.

Back to menu Esc

RULE 1/7

The movement ladder

Same arrow - the modifier only sets the size of the jump.

A bare arrow moves one character. Add one modifier - you jump a word. Add the big modifier - you jump a line or the whole document. You're not learning 8 shortcuts, you're learning one ladder with 4 rungs.

  • Character
  • Word+
  • Line (edge)+
  • Document (edge)+

RULE 2/7

Shift always extends selection

Any movement you already know + Shift = selecting that movement.

There are no separate selection shortcuts to learn. Know how to jump a word? The same shortcut with Shift selects a word. Know how to jump to the end of the line? With Shift it selects to the end of the line. Movement × Shift = selection, always.

  • Select character+
  • Select word++
  • Select to end of line++
  • Select to end of document++

RULE 3/7

What moves also deletes

The same movement modifiers work with Backspace.

Backspace alone deletes one character, because a bare arrow moves one character. With the word modifier - it deletes a word. The ladder logic repeats here, so there's nothing new to memorize.

  • Delete character
  • Delete word+
  • Delete whole line++K

RULE 4/7

A line is a unit - no selecting

Line operations work from anywhere in the line. Cursor inside? That's enough.

Deleting, duplicating, moving or commenting a line never requires selecting it first. The editor knows which line you're on. Select-then-act on a whole line is almost always wasted work.

  • Delete line++K
  • Duplicate line++
  • Move line (up or down)+
  • Toggle comment+/

RULE 5/7

Edit by occurrences, not by places

When the same word repeats - select the occurrences, don't run to them one by one.

D adds the next occurrence of whatever is under the cursor, and from there you type into all of them at once. Grabbed one too many? U steps back. Need them all? L selects everything in one press.

  • Next occurrence+D
  • Undo last selection+U
  • All occurrences++L

RULE 6/7

Switching operating systems

Two swaps explain almost everything.

Mac's Option is Windows' Ctrl for word jumps. Mac's Cmd splits in two on Windows: Ctrl for actions (save, find, undo) and Home/End for line edges. Understand that mapping and you can move between machines without relearning anything.

  • Word jump
  • Actions (find, undo...)
  • Line edges+/

RULE 7/7

Undo is the safety net

Trusting Undo is what lets you work fast.

Fear of breaking something is what sends your hand back to the mouse. Every action in this game - deleting a line, replace-all, editing in several places - is reversible in one press. Try it, look, and if not - undo.

  • Undo+Z
  • Redo++Z

Habits that build it

  • Before you touch the mouse - pause for a second and ask: is there a key for this? There usually is.
  • One big action beats many small ones: one word jump instead of six arrow presses.
  • Don't memorize a shortcut - phrase the rule it belongs to. One rule covers a whole family.
  • When you learn a new shortcut, deliberately use it three times that same day. After that it belongs to your fingers.